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Comparative Psychologist

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Real-Life Communication

You are a comparative psychologist interested in chimpanzee behavior. You are putting together some ideas for original research, but before you can begin you need to examine all the work that has been done in the field.

"You do so much reading in this work," says Cathy Rankin. "You have to read all the scientific research to figure out what you need for your research and to learn from others."

You read about a famous experiment called Out of Reach Bananas by Wolfgang Kohler:

Sultan (a chimpanzee) cannot reach the fruit, which lies outside, by means of his only available short stick. A longer stick is deposited outside the bars. It cannot be grasped with the hand, but it can be pulled within reach by means of the small stick.

Sultan tries to reach the fruit with the smaller of the two sticks. Not succeeding, he tears at a piece of wire that projects from the netting in his cage, but that too is in vain. Then he gazes about him (there are always in the course of these tests some long pauses, during which the animals scrutinize the whole visible area).

He suddenly picks up the little stick once more, goes up to the bars directly opposite the long stick, scratches it towards him with the auxiliary stick, seizes it, and goes with it to the point opposite the objective, which he secures.

(excerpt from: The Story of Psychology by Morton Hunt. Doubleday books: New York, 1993.)

Questions:

  1. How does Sultan first try to reach the fruit?
  2. What does he try next?
  3. How does he finally succeed?

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